Peb yog cov chaw tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj ntau lawm kab ntau tshaj 20 xyoo.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tov khoom ua, muaj tus kheej nplua nuj ua kev paub, advanced technology twb nrog Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Jiangsu xeev.
Rau tov khoom ua, nws tuaj yeem kho raws li qhov xav tau.Raws li lub tshuab yog xaiv lub tshuab nqus tsev, sib tov, cua sov, homogenizer mus rau emulsion, thiab lwm yam muaj nuj nqi.Yog li tshuab yuav ua raws li cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb ua cov txheej txheem.
Peb siv cov ncuav qab zib los txhim kho koj qhov kev paub.Los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus saib lub vev xaib no, koj pom zoo rau peb siv cov ncuav qab zib.Xav paub ntxiv.
Raws li txoj cai thib ob ntawm thermodynamics, feem ntau cov khoom tu tawv nqaij tsis ruaj khov vim tias cov khoom no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lossis ntau yam khoom uas tsis sib xyaw ua ke.Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau lub neej txee, cov khoom no yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov stabilizer tsim nyog.Feem ntau, ionic lossis nonionic surfactants tau ntxiv ua emulsifiers.
Nws ntseeg tau hais tias xws li tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav amphiphiles ua cov tshuaj pleev ib ce incompatible nrog daim tawv nqaij.Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce tab tom nrhiav rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce uas tsis muaj surfactant uas tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.Txhawm rau tsim cov khoom ruaj khov thiab zoo nkauj txaus nyiam, cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog cov khoom siv polymer emulsifiers lossis cov khoom ua kom ruaj khov.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov qauv tsim qauv, emulsions tuaj yeem ruaj khov los ntawm kev siv cov macromolecules tsim nyog es tsis txhob qis molecular hnyav surfactants.Emulsion stability feem ntau yog txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov polymers kom thicken thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, surfactant polymers xws li hydroxypropyl methylcellulose lossis carbomer 1342 tuaj yeem siv los ua thawj emulsifier.Cov polymers no tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab interfacial uas ua tiav tiv thaiv cov roj xau coalescence.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, stabilizing nyhuv ntawm tsub kom lub viscosity ntawm sab nraud theem yog insignificant.
Cov tswv yim tsim qauv no feem ntau hu ua hydrolipid dispersions lossis aqueous dispersive gels, uas tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab yog li hu ua "emulsifier-free" formulations.Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg qhov no tsis raug.(Raws li International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, cov khoom ntawm emulsifier tau txhais raws li hauv qab no: Ib qho emulsifier yog ib qho surfactant. Nws txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nruab nrab thiab yog li ntawd muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau adsorption ntawm ib qho me me. emulsifier tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov emulsions lossis nce lawv cov colloidal stability los ntawm kev txo ib lossis ob qho tib si ntawm kev sib sau thiab coalescence tus nqi.)
Qhov txawv ntawm cov formulations no los ntawm emulsions stabilized los ntawm "ib txwm" emulsifiers yog lawv lub peev xwm ua rau khaus: polymer emulsifiers muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau stratum corneum.Yog li ntawd, kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo xws li Majorca Acne tsis xav tau.Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu ua "emulsifier-dawb".Table 1 qhia qee cov piv txwv classic.
Ib qho acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer tau siv los ua cov polymer emulsifier hauv Formula A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thiab polyacrylic acid tau siv los ua co-stabilizers.Cov acrylic copolymer yog cov polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 hloov nrog C10-30 alkyl acrylate thiab cross-linked nrog allyl pentaerythritol.
Lub lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety yog dominated los ntawm hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety.Cov txiaj ntsig macromolecule muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 4 x 109. Cov khoom siv tsis yaj, tab sis thaum nruab nrab nrog lub hauv paus tsim nyog nws nthuav mus txog 1000 zaug.
Carbomer polymer emulsifiers tsim cov gel tiv thaiv tuab nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua qhov poob ntawm cov roj hauv cov theem qis electrolyte concentration aqueous, nrog hydrophobic alkyl chains anchored nyob rau hauv cov roj theem.Standard ntau npaum li cas ntawm polymer emulsifiers tsuas yog 0.1% mus rau 0.3% yuav tsum tau emulsify mus txog 20% ntawm cov roj.
Yog hais tias cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib tug electrolyte-muaj daim tawv nqaij nto, nws yuav tsis ruaj tsis khov vim hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel txheej tam sim ntawd swells.Tom qab tshem tawm cov roj theem, ib zaj duab xis nyias ntawm cov roj tseem nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws yooj yim los tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas, txawm tias lawv cov khoom siv hydrophilic, yog dej resistant thaum siv.
Emulsions ruaj khov los ntawm acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm txoj kev ncaj lossis tsis ncaj (saib Daim duab 2).
Table 2 Scheme rau kev npaj cov dej-dispersed gels siv polymer emulsifiers indirect los yog ncaj qha
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev degradation ntawm siab molecular hnyav polymer emulsifiers, high-throughput homogenizers yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj vim qhov no yuav txo tau emulsion stability.Feem ntau, qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov sib xyaw yog 20-50 μm.Tab sis qhov no tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev.
Yog tias cov tshuab ua kom zoo (1-5 microns) raug xaiv rau lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv ib qho amphiphilic co-emulsifier, piv txwv li sorbitan monooleate.Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua "emulsifier-dawb."
Txawm hais tias Formulation B (saib hauv qab ntawm Table 1) kuj yog hom hydrolipid dispersion, nws tsuas yog siv hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ua cov polymer emulsifier.
Cov khoom sib xyaw uas siv HPMC ua cov khoom siv polymer emulsifier tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov electrolytes piv rau cov dej-lipid dispersions uas siv cov polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Yog li, cov roj / dej emulsions nyob rau hauv uas cov theem sab nraud saline tov yog siv thiab nyob ruaj khov thaum lub sij hawm cia.
Vim muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem thiab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab oily ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas txo cov tawv nqaij hydration.Tom qab cov dej evaporates, ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tseem nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsim ib tug saj zawg zog zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv uas cov roj droplets yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug polymer matrix.
HPMC-stabilized emulsions tau npaj siv lub rotor-stator homogenizer xws li Ultra Turrax®.Homogenizer tsim cov tee me me ntawm 2-5 µm hauv qhov loj.Lub zog siab tawm tswv yim los ntawm ultrasonic lossis siab homogenization tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov nanoemulsions nrog qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions stabilized los ntawm HPMC tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txias los ntawm cov kua lipid theem.Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov crude pre-emulsion, cov kua roj theem thiab cov aqueous polymer tov tau muab tso rau hauv chav tsev kub.Lub pre-emulsion yog dhau los ntawm lub siab homogenizer ntawm 20-90 MPa ob peb zaug kom tau txais qhov kawg nanoemulsion.
Txawm hais tias nws yog technically ua tau kom ntxiv dag zog rau qhov siab tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj teeb meem, qhov no feem ntau ua rau cov tee dej loj thiab tsis ua tiav qhov xav tau ntau dua dispersion.Qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua overprocessing thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm polymer-stabilized emulsions.
Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm emulsions ruaj khov los ntawm HPMC yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam hauv ib qho autoclave yam tsis muaj teeb meem loj hauv lawv qhov zoo.Qhov no yog vim hais tias lawv muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm thermoreversible sol-gel.Ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 60 ° C, lub txheej txheej thickens thiab tiv thaiv kev txav ntawm cov roj tawg.
Cov tee dej tsis tuaj yeem sib tsoo thiab tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yuav luag tsis pom zoo.Yog li, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tias siv cov khoom ntim uas tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob rov ua dua.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, emulsions tuaj yeem ruaj khov nkaus xwb los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm kev ntxiv cov polymers xws li carbomers (polyacrylic acid).Cov formulations no hu ua "quasi" emulsions vim tias cov nyhuv stabilizing ntawm cov polymer tsis koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsej muag.Cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog, feem ntau hu ua "balms", feem ntau muaj me me ntawm lipids dispersed hauv hydrogel.
Qhov zoo dispersion ntawm lipids ua kom lub cev ruaj khov thiab lub neej txee txaus.Qhov kev ntsuas no thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov theem sab nrauv txo qis cov dej ntws tawm, yog li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo inhibiting emulsification thiab coalescence ntawm cov roj tee.
Peb tau tham nrog xibfwb Hongxia Wang los ntawm Queensland University of Technology txog ib txoj haujlwm tshiab uas cia siab tias yuav siv graphene thiab lwm yam khoom siv roj carbon tsawg los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas siv tau ultra-qis-qis hloov pauv perovskite hnub ci hlwb.
Hauv kev xam phaj no, AzoNano hais lus nrog cov xibfwb Moti Segev thiab Vladimir Shalaev, uas tau ua qhov kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus hauv lub sijhawm photonic crystals uas tawm tsam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xav uas twb muaj lawm.
Hauv kev xam phaj no, peb tham txog txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev txhim kho Raman spectroscopy uas siv nanopockets los cuab lub hom phiaj molecules, ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg.
ClearView scintillation koob yees duab nthuav dav lub peev xwm ntawm niaj hnub kis tau tus mob electron microscopy (TEM).
High-throughput co-localization imaging thiab nyob rau hauv situ nanoindentation siv Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Kawm paub txog Phe-nx's NANOS, qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas SEM uas ua haujlwm nrawm nrawm thiab yooj yim rau nruab thiab siv.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-23-2023